Cell and Tissue Culture: Buffers culture media for pH stability in CO2-independent and live-cell applications.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Maintains optimal pH in PCR and RT-PCR master mixes and reaction buffers.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH environment for kinetic measurements and activity screens.

Protein Purification: Used in chromatography buffers (e.g., ion-exchange, affinity) and dialysis to stabilize proteins.

Gel Electrophoresis: Serves as a buffering component for PAGE systems where Tris-free buffering is preferred.

Sample Preparation and Lysis: Included in lysis, extraction, and homogenization buffers to preserve protein function.

Antibody and Protein Storage: Formulates storage buffers to maintain protein conformation and activity.

Live-Cell Imaging: Supports fluorescence microscopy by minimizing pH drift during imaging.

Transfection and Viral Workflows: Stabilizes pH in transfection mixes and virus production buffers.

Microbial Culture: Buffers media for growth of organisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.