Buffer and Media Preparation: Stock for making PBS, TBS/TBST, SSC/SSPE, and isotonic saline from a concentrated 5M Sodium Chloride solution.

Chromatography and Protein Purification: Adjusts ionic strength and creates salt gradients for ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

Nucleic Acid Precipitation and Cleanup: Provides high-salt conditions for DNA/RNA precipitation, desalting, and stringent wash steps.

Hybridization and Blotting: Sets stringency in Southern/Northern blot washes and in situ hybridization using SSC/SSPE derived from 5M Sodium Chloride.

Enzyme and Binding Assays: Optimizes ionic strength to stabilize proteins and modulate enzyme activity or ligand–receptor interactions.

ELISA and Immunoassay Wash Buffers: Prepares TBS/TBST and other saline-based washes to reduce nonspecific binding.

Cell and Tissue Handling: Dilutes to isotonic saline for rinsing, resuspension, and sample transport; 5M Sodium Chloride stock enables rapid preparation.

Osmotic Shock and Periplasmic Extraction: Creates hypertonic/tonic shifts for periplasmic release in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria.

Microbiology Dilutions and Plating: Prepares saline for serial dilutions, CFU counts, and colony handling of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Protein Crystallography: Modulates ionic strength and solubility in crystallization screens.

Bioprocessing and UF/DF: Sets conductivity in diafiltration buffers and conditioning solutions.

Sample Storage and Stabilization: Formulates saline-based storage buffers to maintain osmotic balance and protein stability.