Cell Culture and Bioprocessing: Maintains physiological pH in mammalian and microbial cultures (e.g., E. coli) and upstream/downstream GMP workflows using single-use 20L Bag(s).

Protein Purification: Provides stable buffering in ion-exchange, affinity, and size-exclusion chromatography at pH 7.5 for consistent elution profiles.

Enzyme Assays: Ensures stable pH during kinetic and activity assays where Tris is temperature sensitive.

qPCR/RT-qPCR: Buffers reaction mixes to support polymerase performance and reproducible Ct values.

Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blotting: Used in running/transfer buffers to maintain pH for nucleic acid and protein separation and transfer.

Live-Cell Imaging and Electrophysiology: Minimizes CO2-dependent pH shifts for fluorescence microscopy and patch-clamp recordings.

Media and Buffer Preparation: Convenient bulk, sterile 1M stock for rapid dilution to working buffers at room temperature.

Viral Vector and Vaccine Workflows: Supports pH control during AAV/LV prep, formulation, and filtration under GMP.

Diagnostic Assay Manufacturing: Stabilizes pH in ELISA, lateral flow, and immunoassay reagents for lot-to-lot consistency.

Protein Crystallography: Common buffer component for screening and optimizing crystallization conditions at near-neutral pH.