Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Used in PCR reactions to maintain optimal pH conditions for polymerase activity and primer annealing.

Gel Electrophoresis: Serves in DNA/RNA (TAE/TBE-based) and protein (Tris-glycine) electrophoresis systems, providing stable pH for consistent separation.

Protein Purification: Utilized in ion-exchange chromatography for column equilibration, wash, and elution buffers at controlled pH.

Enzyme Assays: Provides a stable pH 8.0 environment for enzymatic kinetics and activity assays.

Nucleic Acid Extraction and Purification: Buffers lysis, wash, and elution steps to protect DNA/RNA integrity.

Western Blotting: Used in Tris-glycine transfer buffers to maintain pH during protein transfer to membranes.

Sample Preparation and Dilution: Acts as a pH-stable diluent and resuspension buffer for proteins and nucleic acids.

Bioprocessing and GMP Buffer Prep: Scalable, sterile buffer component for downstream processing and formulation at manufacturing scale.