Isotonic Cell and Tissue Rinsing: Rinses cells and tissues without osmotic shock during handling, processing, and media changes.

Sample and Reagent Dilution: Provides an isotonic diluent for proteins, antibodies, and small molecules where buffering is not required.

Cell Resuspension and Counting: Resuspends mammalian cells or microbial pellets (e.g., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) for accurate enumeration and downstream assays.

Microbial Serial Dilutions: Used as a sterile diluent for quantitative plating, MIC testing, and colony counts in microbiology workflows.

Flow Cytometry Sample Prep: Maintains isotonic conditions for cell washing, staining, and acquisition without altering scatter properties.

Chromatography and Instrument Rinsing: Flushes and equilibrates columns, tubing, and fractionation systems to remove salts or carryover without buffering effects.

Endotoxin-Sensitive Applications: Endotoxin-tested saline minimizes background for LAL assays, EV/exosome prep, and innate immune readouts.

Tissue Homogenization and Extraction: Provides an isotonic medium for homogenizing tissues and preparing cell-free extracts without introducing buffers.